Look at the deals AirTran is offering. There are some obscure locations and I'll be honest, I haven't had the best experiences with AirTran. Check them out thru TravelZoo.com
The process for obtaining a visa can be somewhat grueling. It involves standing in line at the Chinese embassy and bringing all required documentation as well as payment. I recommend checking two different websites to be certain you have all the necessary paperwork with you when you go to the embassy. There are some surprising items they require such as flight confirmations and hotel reservations. Here are the websites I used, one of which is particular to the embassy in Chicago:
http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/hzqz/zgqz/t84246.htm
http://www.chinaconsulatechicago.org/eng/qzhz/qz/grqz/t174774.htm
An important note is that you can't pay by personal check or credit card, so make sure you read about the accepted forms of payment. Also, I highly recommend paying for the "return visa by mail" option, otherwise you have to go back to the embassy and stand in line again to pick up your visa. One last visa tip - when we found out we couldn't get the visa until our Tibet permit was processed (after waiting in line 3 hours), I asked the security guard what day is the slowest. He recommended Wednesday mornings and told us the office begins giving out ticket numbers at 8:30 even though they don't open until 9:00; so it pays to ask about wait times and ticket procedures at your local embassy before you stop in.
For vaccination information, I recommend visiting your local hospital's travel and immunization clinic. In Chicago, Northwestern Memorial Hospital has a fantastic facility with knowledgeable staff. Check with your insurance company ahead of time so you know what to expect as far as payment. For example my insurance didn't cover the $75 consultation fee but it covered the shots themselves. Northwestern recommends Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and typhoid for people going to China. You might also inquire about malaria pills.
Lastly, we booked a private tour with a company called Wild China (http://www.wildchina.com/). It was expensive but worth it. They took care of all our hotel arrangements and domestic flights within China, provided a private tour guide complete with a driver and a car, paid for admission to all the sights/museums, and paid for a good portion of our meals. The driver was key because driving in China can sometimes equate to taking your life into your hands! And the tour guides always provided plenty of water and snacks for us. For us it worked out to roughly $250 per person per day, but considering we stayed in top-notch hotels and had most meals paid for, it seemed fairly reasonable.
First of all, Westerners who look very Western (pale skin tone, tall, etc.) not only stand out like a sore thumb but are quasi-celebrities. We were in Tiananmen Square among all the tourists, and groups of Chinese tourists would ask if they could take a picture with us. Apparently many of the farmers and people living in the countryside have never seen a Westerner before, so they treat you like a rare specimen - touching your skin and wanting a photo with you.
Second, the food in China only minimally resembles the Chinese food we eat in America. No egg rolls or Kung Pao chicken on the menu! Some sample menu items: pig's ears, deep-fried chicken feet, pigeon, and any part of the cow you can possibly imagine. I will say that the duck over there is delicious! Yak and jelly fish were tasty as well. Yak is basically a red meat, so you can order yak steak, yak meatballs, etc. It's mainly served in Tibet.
Lastly, for the ladies out there, the buzz about toilet paper is real - it's not provided in public restrooms so you must bring your own. Although due to the upcoming Olympics, public toilets in Beijing now have toilet paper (as mandated by the government)... it'll be interesting to see if the idea sticks after the Olympics wrap up. One would think if you get used to having TP in the bathrooms there would be an uproar if it disappeared - but wait this is China we're talking about. They have bigger fish to fry, for example maybe they could address the pollution issue with better ideas than only letting cars drive on every 2nd day. Do they really think a month of fewer cars on the road will make a dent in the pollution that's been accumulating for the last 50 years?